Introduction to the School of Chemistry:

Here you will find numerous articles that examine the chemical nature of the Shroud image, the blood stains, and carbon dating. Are the stains composed of blood or vermillion paint? Is the image due to a discoloration of a carbohydrate layer residing on the surface of the flax fibers or is it from iron oxide as part of red ochre paint? Be sure to look at other Schools for additional insights.

Questions and Topics for Students Students can write a research paper on competing interpretations of the same data A discussion of sampling methodology and how a flawed methodology may have led to an aberrant carbon date. Consider a comparison of the known qualities of the Shroud image with other known artworks from the middle ages. Examine the blood chemistry conducted by Heller and Adler as compared to the chemistry of McCrone. Use the Vinland Map as a comparison.

Featured Content
	Michael Tite (from 1989 Interview with Russ Breault and Kim Dreisbach) Tite was the curator of the Britsh Museum and oversaw the 1988 C-14 dating tests
	Robert Villareal (from Ohio Shroud Conference, 2008) Los Alamos National Laboratory confirms the work of chemist Ray Rogers
	Tom D'Muhala, Lead Scientist, STURP, April 5, 2007
	Battle of the Chemists (Shroud of Turin Education Project)
	Carbon 14 Dating (from Shroud Encounter)
	Shroud Exhibitions: Depicts The Shroud Handled Numerous Times At Corner Cut For C-14 Dating
	Carbon-14 Series: New Evidence from chemist Ray Rogers
	Dr. Alan Whanger shows radiographic evidence of reweave in C-14 dating sample
	Dr. Alan Adler Challenges Chemistry of McCrone and Accuracy of C-14 Sample
	Articles

 

LINKS TO RELEVANT ARTICLES ON THE WEB:

ARTICLES RELATED TO HOW THE IMAGE WAS FORMED:

The Nature of the Body Image on the Shroud of Turin by blood chemist Dr. Alan Adler. From Shroud.com

Conclusions of Walter McCrone: Walter McCrone is the lone voice of dissent regarding the cause of the image and the apparent bloodstains. He alleges it to be a painted forgery. The 24 scientists of the STURP project indicate it is blood from actual wounds and the image is not the work of an artist. From MCRI.org

Shroud of Turin: Mystery of the Image Chemistry by Daniel Porter

Blood on the Shroud from Shroudstory.com

Blood: Excerpts from Dr. John Heller from Stanford.edu

Interview with Dr. Alan Adler on the Blood from Delayedreaction.com

Seventeen Reasons to Dismiss McCrone by Jeff Messenger

An Amino-Carbonyl Reaction (Maillard Reaction) May Explain The Image Formation
by Raymond N. Rogers and Anna Arnoldi. By Shroud.com

The Shroud of Turin: Radiation Effects, Aging & Image Formation by Raymond N. Rogers. From Shroud.com

Bloodstain Characteristics of the Turin Shroud

Design in the Shroud of Turin by Phillip H. Wiebe
This article discusses the physical and chemical properties of the Shroud image and why it is likely to have been made by an actual corpse.

Slide presentation discussing the “Body Image Formation Hypothesis based on Corona Discharge” by Giulio Fanti:

 ARTICLES RELATED TO CARBON DATING:

Radiocarbon Dating of the Shroud of Turin as published in Nature, 1989

Radiocarbon Dating the Shroud of Turin: A Critical Review by Remi Van Haelst

Studies on the Radiocarbon Sample from the Shroud of Turin, by Ray Rogers as published in Thermochimica Acta

A Review of Scientific Methods Applied to the Shroud ofTurin (38 pgs) by Ray Rogers and Anna Arnoldi

“Evidence for Skewing the C-14 Dating of the Shroud of Turin due to Repairs” by Joe Marino and Sue Benford
A seminal paper that gave important clues as to why and how the Shroud may have been repaired in the middle ages thus skewing the carbon date. From Shroud.com

“New Historical Evidence Explaining the invisible Patch in the 1988 C-14 Dating Sample of the Turin Shroud” by Joe Marino and Sue Benford. From Shroud.com

“Radiological Aspects of the Shroud of Turin” by Dr. Alan Whanger and Mary Whanger. From Shroud.com

Demonstrating the presence of madder root dye in the area cut for C-14 dating indicative of repair:
Pyrolysis/Mass Spectrometry Applied to the Shroud of Turin by Ray Rogers. From Shroud.com