1	Pollen Trail Confirms the Historical Trail
2	Max Frei Swiss Criminologist Pollen on the Shroud positively places the cloth in Jerusalem and a region that includes Edessa and Constantinople. 22 unique spores from parts of Turkey 7 unique spores from the Holy Land
3	Flowers as evidenced by large amounts of pollen were clearly laid on the Shroud Sticky tape No. 4bd from near the head: No less than forty-five shreds of plant parts were found, including a whole anther full of pollen
4	Chrysanthemum coronarium A flower that is common to Israel and elsewhere. It is a cultivated ornamental flower used in flower arrangements even today.
5	Cistaceae “Rock Rose” Image of flower and corresponding pollen found on the right cheek.
6	Zygophyllum dumosum An endemic plant of Israel, Jordan, and Sinai Unique leaf pattern is visible on the Shroud
7	Gundelia tournefortii Crown of Thorns? 165 pollen grains examined: 45 (27.3%) were Gundelia tournefortii In close concentration indicating the plant was laid on the Shroud A thorn plant that blooms only in March and April and Only grows within a 50 mile radius of Jerusalem
8	Dr. Avinoam Danin, Professor of Botany The Hebrew University of Jerusalem “Using my data base of more than 90,000 sites of plant distribution, the place that best fits the assemblage of the plant species whose images and often pollen grains have been identified on the Shroud is 10-20 km east and west of Jerusalem.”
9	Pistacia A spice plant commonly sold in open air markets throughout the Middle East. 200 fruit images can be found around the head and on the body.
10	The Shroud was used in a burial! In ancient days, the Jewish Talmud indicates that fragrant flowers and spices were used at the funeral to offset the odor of the decaying body. Flowers were laid on the Shroud and banked around the head and torso. Spices such as pistacia were sprinkled on the body.